Contents

 
• List of Figures
• List of Tables
• 1 Executive Summary
• 2 Introduction
• 3 Literature Review
  • 3.1 Introduction to Internetworking
    • 3.1.1 Data Transport Units
    • 3.1.2 The TCP/IP Internet Protocol Suite
    • 3.1.3 Protocol Layering and Encapsulation
    • 3.1.4 The Client/Server Model
  • 3.2 The Development of TCP/IP
    • 3.2.1 Early TCP: 4.2BSD
    • 3.2.2 4.3BSD Tahoe
      • Slow-Start
      • Retransmission Time Out Estimator
      • Karn's Exponential RTO Back-off Algorithm
      • Dynamic Congestion Window Sizing
    • 3.2.3 4.3BSD Reno
    • 3.2.4 4.4BSD with Extensions for High Performance
      • Window Scaling Option
      • Round Trip Time Measurement (RTTM)
      • Protect Against Wrapped Sequences (PAWS)
    • 3.2.5 The Future: TCP Vegas?
  • 3.3 Multimedia Protocols
    • 3.3.1 The eXpress Transport Protocol (XTP)
• 4 Problem Documentation and Project Goals
  • 4.1 The Nature of Multimedia Data
  • 4.2 The Notion of Timed Obsolescence
  • 4.3 The eXtended User Datagram Protocol (XUDP)
• 5 High-Level System Design and Specifications
  • 5.1 System Specifications Per Layer
  • 5.2 Application Layer
    • 5.2.1 Layering
    • 5.2.2 The XUDP daemon: xudpd
    • 5.2.3 Application Programmer's Interface (API)
      • Registering: xudpSocket
      • Connecting: xudpConnect, xudpBind, xudpListen and xudpAccept
    • 5.2.4 The Parcel
    • 5.2.5 struct XUDPHost * Host Data Structure
  • 5.3 Transport Layer
    • 5.3.1 Interface to UDP
    • 5.3.2 XUDP's Queues
      • Outgoing Parcel Queue
      • Incoming Parcel Queue
      • Fragmented Parcel Acknowledgment Wait Queue
      • Partially Received Fragmented Parcel Queue
      • Outgoing Command Queue
      • Incoming Command Queue
      • Outgoing Packet Queue
      • Incoming Packet Queue
    • 5.3.3 Flow Control
      • Sliding Window
      • Slow Start
      • RTT Variance Estimation
      • Congestion Anticipation
      • Exponential Backoff Upon Successive Retransmits
      • Selective Acknowledgment and Retransmit
• 6 Application Layer Sample Program
  • 6.1 Simple Stream-oriented Client/Server
    • 6.1.1 Client
  • 6.2 Server
• 7 Source Code Presentation
  • 7.1 Conventions
  • 7.2 Data Structures
    • 7.2.1 XUDPHost structure
    • 7.2.2 XUDPPacket structure
    • 7.2.3 XUDPHeader structure
    • 7.2.4 XUDPParcel structure
    • 7.2.5 XUDPFragParcel structure
    • 7.2.6 XUDPCmd structure
    • 7.2.7 XUDPCB ``Control Block'' structure
    • 7.2.8 XUDPSCB ``Server Control Block'' structure
  • 7.3 Application Programmers Interface: XUDP Sockets
    • 7.3.1 xudpSocket function
    • 7.3.2 xudpBind function
    • 7.3.3 xudpListen function
    • 7.3.4 xudpAccept function
    • 7.3.5 xudpConnect function
    • 7.3.6 xudpSend function
    • 7.3.7 xudpRecv function
    • 7.3.8 xudpClose function
  • 7.4 User Space Implementation: XUDP Daemon
    • 7.4.1 main()
    • 7.4.2 xudp_init function
    • 7.4.3 xudp_getnewuser function
    • 7.4.4 xudp_socketinit function
    • 7.4.5 xudp_loseuser function
    • 7.4.6 xudp_handlecontrol function
  • 7.5 Parcel Sublayer
    • 7.5.1 xudp_queueparcel function
    • 7.5.2 xudp_dequeueparcel function
    • 7.5.3 xudp_makecommandparcel function
    • 7.5.4 xudp_fragmentparcel function
    • 7.5.5 xudp_reassembleparcel function
    • 7.5.6 xudp_recvackparcels function
    • 7.5.7 xudp_ackparcels function
    • 7.5.8 xudp_endparcels function
    • 7.5.9 xudp_removeobsolete function
  • 7.6 Packet Sublayer
    • 7.6.1 xudp_sendmsg function
    • 7.6.2 xudp_recvmsg function
    • 7.6.3 xudp_queueackwait function
    • 7.6.4 xudp_organizeincoming function
    • 7.6.5 xudp_xmit function
    • 7.6.6 xudp_recv function
    • 7.6.7 xudp_recvackpackets function
    • 7.6.8 xudp_ackpackets function
    • 7.6.9 xudp_retransmit function
    • 7.6.10 xudp_rttmath function
    • 7.6.11 xudp_windowchange function
  • 7.7 Support Routines
    • 7.7.1 makeFragParcel function
    • 7.7.2 makeCmd function
    • 7.7.3 makeParcel function
    • 7.7.4 makePacket function
    • 7.7.5 insertFragParcel function
    • 7.7.6 insertParcel function
    • 7.7.7 insertPacket function
    • 7.7.8 deleteFragParcel function
    • 7.7.9 deleteCmd function
    • 7.7.10 deleteParcel function
    • 7.7.11 deletePacket function
    • 7.7.12 addFragParcel function
    • 7.7.13 addParcel function
    • 7.7.14 addCmd function
    • 7.7.15 addPacket function
    • 7.7.16 xudpError function
    • 7.7.17 xudpGetFunction function
    • 7.7.18 xudpSendFunction function
    • 7.7.19 streamRead function
    • 7.7.20 streamWrite function
    • 7.7.21 makeServer_un function
    • 7.7.22 max function
    • 7.7.23 min function
    • 7.7.24 makeTimestamp function
• 8 Results and Analysis
  • 8.1 Early Results: Problems with XUDP's ``Nagle'' Algorithm
  • 8.2 Early Results: ``Tweaked'' Congestion Avoidance Mechanism
  • 8.3 Comparison of Early Results
  • 8.4 Fully-reliable Data Stream
  • 8.5 Simulated 10fps Real-Time Uncompressed Video Data
    • 8.8.1 XUDP
    • 8.8.2 TCP
    • 8.8.3 Comparison
  • 8.6 Simulated 20fps Uncompressed Real-Time Video Data
    • XUDP
    • TCP
    • Comparison
  • 8.7 Simulated 20fps Uncompressed Video Data Under Severe Network Loading
    • XUDP
    • TCP
    • Comparison
  • 8.8 Simulated 20fps Uncompressed Video Data Under Severe Network Loading, Relieved Near End
    • XUDP
    • TCP
    • Comparison
• 9 Conclusions and Directions for Future Work
• References